Evaluation of the efficiency of four techniques used for the reduction of particulate and gaseous atmospheric pollutants emitted by domestic heating systems using biomass
Résumé
Domestic heating using combustion of biomass is strongly involved in the development of renewable energy. However, it can be associated to high emission of particulate matter characterized with a very fin size distribution and strong contribution of organic condensables. In France, the residential sector, to which heating using biomass combustion is a major contributor represents the main part of the national emissions inventory of PM and PAHs. In order to address the issue, the French environmental agency (ADEME) is promoting the development of highly energetically and environmentally heating devices. To that extent, the Peren2BOIS program which was financially supported by the ADEME and the French ministry of environment and was coordinated by INERIS and gathered, industrials, notified bodies, private and public research laboratories. It mainly aimed at evaluating the efficiency of primary and secondary reduction techniques for particles and organic compounds emissions. Four techniques used for the reduction of particulate and gaseous atmospheric pollutants emitted by domestic heating systems using biomass were tested during the project: two electrostatic dust filters, one cyclone and one catalytic filter. A wide range of pollutants were taken into account :total suspended particles (TSP) ; fine particles mass and number concentrations ; polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) ; benzene and its isomers (BTEX) ; gases such as CO, total VOCs, etc. Each technique was tested in combination with a different domestic heating system using biomass, the domestic heating system were three woodlog stoves and one pellet stove. The efficiency was tested by comparing the amount of pollutants measured in the flue gas during five successive combustion batches : before and after the technique (electrostatic dust filters and cyclone) ; or with and without the technique (catalytic filter). The amount of different pollutants emitted, the efficiency of each techniques and a comparison of the four techniques are described...