Social cost-benefit analysis of hydrogen mobility in Europe

Abstract : The deployment of hydrogen technologies in the energy mix and the use of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles (FCV) are expected to significantly reduce European greenhouse emissions. We present a social cost-benefit analysis to estimate the period of socio-economic conversion, period for which the replacement of gasoline internal combustion engine vehicles (ICEV) by FCV becomes socio-economically profitable. In this study, we considered a hydrogen production mix of five technologies: natural gas reforming processes with or without carbon capture and storage, electrolysis, biogas processes and decentralized production. We estimate two external costs: the use of non-renewable resources in the manufacture of fuel cells by measuring platinum depletion, and the abatement cost of CO2 through FCV. We forecast that carbon market could finance approximately 10% of the deployment cost of hydrogen-based transport and that an early economic conversion could be targeted for FCV: about 10 years could be saved by considering externalities.