Place du stockage souterrain d’énergie dans la transition énergétique
Résumé
The French law of 2015 on the energy transition for green growth aims to increase the share of renewable energy to 23% of energy consumption in 2020. Due to the intermittent nature of most of them, the unused energy must be stored for later redistribution. Underground storage allows good isolation from the surface and storage of large volumes under high pressure. We know how to store hydrocarbons underground but it is planned to store other products in the form of chemical energy (hydrogen, biomethane), potential energy (compressed air, water in the context of pumping hydroelectricity energy storage) or thermal (hot / cold water). This will require the creation of cavities and/or the use of deep aquifers or depleted oil fields, depending on the geological characteristics. Hydrogen has a high energy capacity and its massive underground storage could be of national strategic interest, unlike other types of energy storage that would be more of local interest. However, challenges related to the technological risks of this specific gas will have to be overcome. Although experience feedback gained from the numerous underground hydrocarbon (and some hydrogen) storage facilities is very useful when assessing industrial risks, thorough research and risk assessment is needed to make such a technology safe
La loi de 2015 sur la transition énergétique vise à porter la part des énergies renouvelables à 23 % de la consommation d’énergie en 2020, ce qui représente environ 350 TWh. Du fait du caractère intermittent de certaines d’entre elles, il sera nécessaire de stocker l’énergie non consommée lors de pics de production pour la redistribuer ultérieurement. Compte tenu des volumes de stockage nécessaires, le milieu souterrain peut être attrayant pour stocker de grandes quantités d’énergie avec un moindre impact en surface
Origine : Publication financée par une institution
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